In the past, you need modify rtc_api.c in mbed-dev source code. From this revision, you can just use RTC function all of conditions (Normal, Reset, Stand-by, Power OFF).

Note

From now on, you do NOT need any modification for mbed-dev library because STM team updates rtc_api.c source code and support RTC function under reset & standby condition includes power off condition (You need additional VBAT back-up hardware).

Please refer following NOTE information.
/users/kenjiArai/notebook/nucleo-series-rtc-control-under-power-onoff-and-re/

Revision:
14:4b03106ece1f
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/uart_as_stdio/uart_as_stdio.h	Sat Mar 06 08:29:51 2021 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * mbed Application program
+ *      Redirect Standard Input/Output
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Kenji Arai / JH1PJL
+ *  http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~kenjia/
+ *  https://os.mbed.com/users/kenjiArai/
+ *      Created:    January   13th, 2021
+ *      Revised:    January   14th, 2021
+ */
+
+#include "mbed.h"
+
+//  Function prototypes --------------------------------------------------------
+uint8_t readable(void);
+void putc(uint8_t c);
+uint8_t getc(void);
+void sleep_preparation(void);